Category Archives: Current and Recent Research Projects

Arts & Culture in County Durham

lumiere.jpegGiven the ‘cooler climate’ in public funding, demonstrating the economic impact of the arts, culture and sports is more important than ever. Nationally the arts and culture sector pays its way, recent figures show an annual return of £2.35 billion to the Treasury – and the contribution to local economies is growing faster in the parts of the country worst affected by the recession like the North East. Employment in the sector is strong too, with the growth in jobs and skills feeding into an expanding knowledge and skills based economy – particularly important to young people entering the jobs market.

In 2015, Durham County Council commissioned PRG to develop an evaluation framework to measure the impact of the arts, cultural and sports events the Council supports. The overall aim is to establish an evaluation framework with flexible methodologies and KPIs which can be applied across all types of events and appropriate for use by different delivery organisations – large and small, public, private and third sector.

A single, standardised framework will allow meaningful comparisons, the aggregation of impacts and identification of savings; it will also produce a reliable evidence base for decision-making and strategy. And the more we understand what the sector does for us, in terms of the economy, education, health and wellbeing, and communities, the more we will be able to provide the evidence to give government and the taxpayer the confidence to invest.

During 2015 the events and festivals PRG has evaluated for County Durham have been very varied, including: Bishop Auckland Food Festival, the International Brass Festival, Durham Book Festival, culminating most recently with Lumiere Durham.

Each time we have revised and refined a range of evaluation tools, tailoring them to specific events and trying out innovative methods and approaches. For Lumiere, PRG also worked with Durham businesses to capture economic impact and help the businesses make the most of the festival’s opportunities. We also helped recruit and train more than 20 Durham University students to carry out on-street evaluation of Lumiere, helping them acquire valuable employment experience and become more involved in the life of the city.

Community Development Projects: 40 years on

Esrc_logoOver the past two years, Professor Fred Robinson has been working with colleagues on a major national research project called ‘Imagine’. This practice-based project is concerned with using research to help imagine and develop communities. It is about the ‘social, historical, cultural and democratic context of civic engagement’. Imagine is supported by the Economic and Social Research Council under the Connected Communities programme.

The whole Imagine project comprises four parts, one of which focuses on the historical context of civic engagement. This part involves revisiting the sites of three Community Development Projects (CDPs) which were implemented during the 1970s. Two of these were in Tyneside (Benwell and North Shields) and one in the West Midlands (Hillfields, Coventry). In each of these places, researchers from local universities (Durham and Warwick Universities) and community organisations are exploring the imagining, planning and impact of the CDP and are tracking subsequent regeneration programmes in those areas.

Fred’s role has been to look at the history of regeneration in Benwell and North Shields. He has been developing accounts of the implementation and impact of regeneration policies, drawing on both documentary material and interviews. He says:

“As you look at these policies over a period of 40 years, you can feel a sense of frustration that lessons often aren’t learnt and problems aren’t solved. But there has actually been some real progress in terms of health and housing, for instance, and a better understanding of the need for active community engagement in the regeneration process”.

 

Northern Rock Foundation: history and achievements

nrf-logo-lgeIn July 2015, the Northern Rock Foundation published a history of its work and the impacts it has had during 17 years of grant making. Researched and written by Professor Fred Robinson, this independent assessment, whilst sympathetic to the mission of the Foundation, takes an objective view of its history and achievements.

Funded by Northern Rock bank, the Foundation spent over £225 million on community projects and initiatives in the North East and Cumbria. Its work has ranged over many different areas of social need including support for older people, homeless young people, refugees and asylum seekers and those with mental health problems. It sought to tackle issues like financial inclusion, penal reform and domestic abuse but also invested in the development of the arts and cultural infrastructure of the region.

Key achievements identified in the report include:

  • Focusing attention on disadvantaged people and communities, including difficult and unpopular causes, like child sexual exploitation.
  • Using research to influence national and regional policy in areas such as dementia and domestic and sexual violence.
  • Helping the voluntary and community sector to develop their skills and capacity and fostering collaboration and enterprise.

Important lessons from the history and work of the Foundation are:

  • A regionally based foundation can know its area in a way that a nationally based foundation, based elsewhere, almost certainly cannot.
  • There is a value in concentrating some grant making on particular organisations that will develop and grow through long term support.
  • Expert and dedicated Trustees and staff help to ensure good and effective grant-making
  • Reliance on one corporate benefactor has both strengths and weaknesses.

The financial crisis that hit the Northern Rock bank had a profound impact on the Foundation, which is now expected to close down in 2016. Professor Robinson said:

“The Foundation made an important contribution to the well-being of the North East and Cumbria. It helped to enrich the lives of many people. For some organisations its funding has been beneficial, but not crucial; for others it may have been transformative, a really important input that helped them to survive or grow or become what they are today. It was very much an organisation rooted in the region which was prepared to fund unpopular things at times, but things which made a real difference”.

The full report can be downloaded here.

In search of Middlesex

Middlesex Fresh Seafood

Fred Robinson and Richard Else are undertaking an intriguing collaborative project about Middlesex. They’ve worked together on all kinds of things in the past, but nothing quite like this. They wanted to explore a place that’s important but usually ignored –and decided they would focus attention on the North West London suburbs, the area covered by the old County of Middlesex.

Many people think of this area as a boring, monocultural suburbia: Metroland. But actually it’s a complex set of communities. It is home to more than two million people and is, in many ways, a successful part of London. It’s ‘multicultural’ and economically vibrant; it includes Heathrow and Wembley, and also Southall and Enfield.  Middlesex may not feature in travellers’ tales, but it actually has a lot going for it.

Fred and Richard want to celebrate the vitality, diversity and importance of this area in a book of photographs (by Richard) and accompanying text (by Fred). They’ve tramped around the area a good deal and gathered a lot of material.

Fred says: ‘We want to show people what the area is really like and why it is worth looking at and thinking about. We hope that the book, and perhaps an exhibition too, will appeal to a wide audience. We want people to think about changing cities and suburbs, geographies and cultures. And we’d like people to find Middlesex as interesting as we do’.

Keeping things simple: how to work effectively with the third sector

keepingthingssimpleIn recent decades financial pressures on local authorities (LAs) has resulted in significant changes in the ways their services are provided through, for example, contracting out services, co-production, asset transfer, volunteering and establishing new types of organisation (such as social enterprises and mutuals).

Such developments have presented internal and external organisational, cultural and operational challenges for LAs when forging new relationships between commissioner, producer, and customer/citizen. Building on evidence-based hypotheses from previous academic and action research, this project will help LAs produce new solutions to increase the impact of social policy interventions.

The new two-year project, beginning in September 2015, will work with six local authorities in North East England to do this work, including: Darlington Borough Council, Durham County Council, Gateshead Council,, Northumberland County Council, Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council and Sunderland City Council.

The project, jointly funded by the ESRC and Institute for Local Governance will be undertaken by Professors John Mawson (ILG), Tony Chapman and Fred Robinson of St Chad’s College, Durham University. The aim of the proposed programme of work is to assist LAs in navigating change in a complex political, social and economic environment which may demand fundamental change in the way that service delivery is conceptualised and effected.Esrc_logo

To do this, LAs need to consider and embed new ‘ways of thinking’ about their working relationships with external organisations. Their ultimate purpose is to reduce the costs and improve the quality of services through new approaches to delivery whilst at the same time engaging more directly community organisations and citizens in the process.

The work will address six areas of policy and service delivery where impact can be achieved by 2019:

1  Outsourcing of local authority services:

Considering different approaches to outsourcing including the establishment of LA wholly owned companies/social enterprises built from former in-house providers, to Third Sector/Private Sector consortia/partnerships, etc.  Determining what factors contribute to good decision making on outsourcing – such as knowledge/evidence of good practice/economical delivery in-house or by external organisations.  Exploring the factors which make outsourcing possible or not: involving exploration of issues surrounding LA organisational culture/history, configuration of local parties in the council, political climate, attitudes and beliefs of Members, etc.

2  Growing the ‘civic core’ through volunteering

Role and efficacy of current grant funding regimes and LA support for local community organisations. Assessment of the extent of volunteering in the area and recognition of most effective routes to volunteering via the LA, TSOs, faith groups etc.  Raising awareness of the strengths and weaknesses of volunteer contribution, knowing where unmet demand currently exists and how to increase supply of volunteers, awareness of how to assess/understand the value of volunteering for the local area. Leverage LA has to contribute towards the civic core through employee supported volunteering schemes, pre-retirement planning, skills-share programmes, etc.

3  Partnership working and co-production

Assessment of LA’s willingness and potential to work as a ‘lead partner’, ‘consortia partner’ or ‘support partner’ in social interventions funded via external sources, shared resources or a mix of shared and external resources.  Recognising the scope for and identifying practicable approaches to alternative service delivery models delivered in conjunction with other public sector organisations (particularly health, police and fire services) and Third Sector/Private Sector organisations. Approaches to investment in partnership building and the encouragement of partnership potential amongst TSOs in advance of potential initiatives.

4  Assessing the impact of interventions involving TSOs

Exercising effective judgement decisions on where impact measurement assessment should be employed. Producing transparent and achievable objectives for interventions which are realistically matched with levels of resource invested to achieve them. Knowing when requirements for impact assessment may or may not be achievable and the appropriate technical measures, recognising the need for innovative practice, knowing when calls for interventions to become sustainable are not realistic. Adopting principals and measures which allow for good judgements to be made on the social value of less measurable small-scale interventions.

5  Hearing the ‘voices’ of the Third Sector in the commissioning cycle:

Establishing/maintaining governance protocols and structures to ensure Third Sector representation. Structured engagement and involvement of Third Sector in identifying and setting local and strategic priorities via, for example: area committees, for a representing communities of interest, councils of interest, strategic planning groups (such as an LSP), etc. How to ensure that TSOs can contribute effectively to the design of innovative solutions in service delivery – and especially so when funded through a range of LA or non-LA sources.

6  Strengthening the confidence, capacity and capability of the Third Sector

Maintaining good intelligence on sector structure, dynamics and strengths upon which realistic decisions about investment can be made. Building LA understanding on the limits of Third Sector engagement/compliance with political/procedural preferences to allay expectations of ‘incorporating’ Third Sector organisations into LA policy and practice. Assessing the scope for and benefits to be accrued from investment in Third Sector capability and capacity to contribute to LA initiatives and understanding the limits of such investment. How effectively to communicate LA agreed priorities to the Third Sector, and devising mechanisms for signposting TSOs to other sources of funding and support in areas where the LA cannot/does not want to invest.

The Keeping it Simple report is available to download, together with a summary report – published October 2014:

KEEPING IT SIMPLE How to work effectively with the third sector (October 2014)

Keeping it Simple (Summary Report) October 2014

The final report from this study, and its sister project, Sharing the Responsibility, can be downloaded here: ILG How to work effectively with the third sector discussion paper March 2019

 

Charity Bank commissions study on borrowing in Cumbria

Professor Tony Chapman and Professor Peter Wells

 

PLogo-basic-for-in-house-userofessor Tony Chapman, St Chad’s College and Professor Peter Wells, Sheffield Hallam University have been commissioned by Charity Bank and Northern Rock Foundation to undertake a study in Cumbria on the interest charities and social enterprises have in borrowing money.

The purpose of loans may include mortgages, investment in upgrading property, buying equipment, or for working capital.  Professor Chapman is undertaking a quantitative study in Cumbria which will produce comparable data for charities in North East England and Yorkshire.

Statistics will be produced on the size of the marketplace for loans in Cumbria for different purposes, and the characteristics of organisations which may be prepared to take loans.  Professor Wells will do interviews with key stakeholders across the county to find out what the incentives and barriers may be for borrowing money by charities.

The quantitative study report was published in January 2015 and is available to download: Assessment_willingness-Third_Sector

An academic article on this project, which drew on more recent data from Third Sector Trends has also been published:

Chapman, T. (2017) ‘The propensity of third sector organisations to borrow money in the UK’, Policy Studies, 38(2), 185-204.

Japanese Inward Investment in North East England

Professor Tony Chapman

This new study, funded by Institute for Local Governance will conclude with a regional seminar on Japanese inward investment in June 2015.  It is hoped that this will take place at Teikyo University Durham. The study aims to get a better understanding of the ‘journeys’ Japanese companies have made in establishing themselves in the North East. In so doing, the intention is to examine:

  • Perceptions of the initial impetus to established plants in the North East, the welcome received by the region, and the subsequent efforts that have been made to embed industrial interactions and employee relationships in economic, political and cultural terms.
  • Perceptions about the relationships with other Japanese companies in the region and the degree of direct and indirect economic/business interaction with them and indigenous UK firms inside and outside of the supply chain.
  • Assess the potential for improving labour market conditions for young people in the region as employees and assess potential for encouraging enterprising activity amongst young people in the region.
  • Consider the contribution Japanese inward investment has made to strengthening social growth in North East England.

Interviews will take place with Japanese firms which are well established in the region together with Hitachi which is building a major new plant in Newton Aycliffe.

As the study is interested in cultural and political factors, it will also examine the extent of social assimilation of Japanese firms into North East England and consider the extent to which the indigenous UK population have capitalised on new opportunities (as partners, sub-contractors, local politicians and economic development strategists, employees and families, friends and neighbours).

Public sector and third sector relationships in Sunderland

City-Council-Logo-Paths

Sunderland City Council has commissioned Professor Tony Chapman to undertake a review of policy and practice in the city – looking at how well relationships work between the public sector and the voluntary sector.  The enquiry will involve analysis of existing data sets, including the Northern Rock Foundation Third Sector Trends study, and a series of interviews and focus groups with key people across the city.

The study builds on recent work in Stockton on Tees, County Durham and Northumberland for the Institute for Local Governance and is helping to develop a clear understanding on how best to broker relationships between sectors with similar interests in addressing social problems but different ways of tackling them.

The study was completed in November 2014.

Third Sector Trends in Yorkshire and the Humber

JRF-logoProfessor Tony Chapman

‘Involve Yorkshire & Humber’ commissioned a major survey of the third sector in Yorkshire and the Humber in the spring of 2013.  The research was funded by Joseph Rowntree Foundation.  An online survey ran from June to October resulting in responses from over 1000 charities, social enterprises and other voluntary and community sector groups and organisations.

The survey drew upon previous work with Northern Rock FoundPicture1ation so that comparable data could be produced. Additionally, analysis from an earlier Third Sector Trends study by Professor John Mohan of Southampton University and David Kane from NCVO was extended to bring statistics up to date.

The findings from the study was published in May 2014.  Third Sector Trends in Yorkshire and the Humber May 2014, a summary report is also available: third-sector-trends-2014-in-yorkshire-humber-executive-summary-final.

 

Voluntary sector support in Northumberland

logoNorthumberland County Council is developing its strategy to support Third Sector organisations over the next three years. As a part of a major consultation process, Professor Tony Chapman was invited to undertake a series of 18 confidential in-depth interviews with key stakeholders in the sector in November 2013. The research follows an earlier commission to make recommendations for the development of infrastructure support in the County in 2010.