Category Archives: Research

Take part in Third Sector Trends in England and Wales 2025

 

After another long period of ups and downs and twists and turns in the voluntary sector, Third Sector Trends is back in England and Wales to see how social, political and economic change has affected organisations like yours.

Many of you will have been helping us with this study every three years since 2010. We’re now asking you to take part again. And if you’re a new organisation, we’re just as keen to see what you do, how things are going and what you’re achieving.

Whether you’re big or small – thriving, struggling or just going along as normal – we need to hear from you. It’s quick and easy to do, interesting and really helps to build a picture about how the voluntary sector responds to change and initiates change in society.

So if you’re an amateur sports, dance or gardening club, a village hall, a carers’ group, an arts organisation, a campaigning trust; or if you deliver social or health services, care for the environment or run a hostel or food bank – whatever you do, it’s important to us.

The study is big (6,000+ responses in 2022) and runs right across England and Wales. But its focus is still very local – looking at how the voluntary sector develops and works in areas like yours – whether the interests you serve are focused in a neighbourhood/village – or span national/international boundaries.

It’s completely confidential, incredibly relevant to the voluntary sector and those who support it and only happens every three years. So please tell us how it’s going and have your say on what you think the future holds.

To take part, click here:  Third Sector Trends in England and Wales 2025  

If you want some more detail before you start,  go to this page Third Sector Trends

Third Sector Trends in England and Wales 2025 is now live

The Third Sector Trends Study is the largest and longest running survey of the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector in the UK. As a longitudinal study, it was designed to explore the structure, dynamics, purpose, energy and impact of the sector in the context of change.

After another long period of ups and downs and twists and turns in the voluntary sector, Third Sector Trends is back in England and Wales to see how social, political and economic change has affected the way organisations work and what they achieve.

Many charities, social enterprises, cooperatives, CICs, clubs and societies have been helping with this study every three years since 2010. We’re now asking them to take part again. And if a new organisation, we’re just as keen to see what they do, how things are going and what they’re achieving.

Whether big or small – thriving, struggling or just going along as normal – we need to hear from all types of organisations and groups. It’s quick and easy to do, interesting and really helps to build a picture about how the voluntary sector responds to change and initiates change in society.

It’s completely confidential, incredibly relevant to the voluntary sector and those who support it and only happens every three years. So please tell us how it’s going and have your say on what you think the future holds.

The study is live and you can take part now  – click this link.

What will be explored in 2025?

In this seventh iteration of the study, the aim is to get at least 6,000 responses (and a minimum of 500 responses in each English region and in Wales if we can) to produce comparable data for time-series analysis – but we’re hoping for 7,500 responses.

We’re going to be exploring in more depth issues surrounding:

  • Sector leadership – and we’ll try to determine what gets leaders want to get up in the morning and what makes them worry at night.  And being a big study, we’ll get a sense of where there’s evidence of leadership vitality.
  • The environment:  nobody really knows much the sector contributes to the environment  – so we’re going to look at that, focusing not just on reducing energy and recycling, but also bio diversity and contributing to liveability.
  • Campaigning and influencing:  in 2022 we did ground-breaking work on attitudes to campaigning and influencing – this time we want to know if anyone out there is listening – especially in relation do local devolution agendas.
  • Sector vitality: we hear a lot about the third sector playing a vital role in society – but what underpins that?  We need to get a better idea on what creates ‘vitality’ within the sector – is it about responding to demand or is about initiating change?

The study will also use its longitudinal data to focus on the following trends:

  • How has sector structure changed? This will include analysis by organisational location, organisational size, age, legal form, purpose, and spatial range of activity.  Special emphasis will be placed on changes in patterns of sector funding.
  • Are there signs of change in sector purpose? The study has assessed the impact of a long period of government austerity policy in the last decade, the Coronavirus pandemic in 2020-21 and currently ‘cost of living crisis’ (2025 survey). We will be in a unique position to examine how responsive the Third Sector has been to changing needs.
  • Has the ‘people energy’ of the sector changed? In 2022, it was clear that the sector was struggling to recruit and retain employees. We need to see how organisations are faring with more pressures imposed upon them with raised National Insurance cost, rising wages and lower levels of labour market participation. The regular volunteer workforce declined after Covid-19, we need to know whether the sector has recovered – and if not, to identify critical areas of decline.
  • Relationships with trusts and foundations. During the Covid-19 crisis, many trusts and foundations relaxed their grant-making practices. In 2025 we intend to examine how the quality and depth of relationships with trusts and foundations has changed – or has reverted to previous patterns prior to the pandemic.
  • Relationships with public sector and health organisations It is often claimed that there has been a progressive shift towards devolved decision making in the public and health sectors. In tandem, such policies claim to be committed to involve the Third Sector. But how does that feel on the ground to voluntary sector organisations? We intend to find out.
  • Relationships within the Third Sector In the aftermath of the pandemic, the extent of intra-sector working declined to some extent.  We need to know whether this has bounced back now that organisations are free to work without restriction. More importantly, we need to look at how productive those relationships are in impact terms
  • Sector social impact. Crucially, the study will update its analysis on sector impact at both national and regional levels using the well-established methodology developed by this study.

More detail about the study

The study is designed to complement rather than compete with existing studies such as NCVO’s Civil Society Almanac and build on data produced by 360 Giving on sector grant funding.

The study was initiated in 2008 by Northern Rock Foundation. Community Foundation North East is now responsible for its legacy. In 2025 the study is being supported financially by Community Foundation North East, Lloyds Bank Foundation England and Wales, Wales Council for Voluntary Action and Millfield House Foundation

Since 2012, the research programme has been run by Policy&Practice, St Chad’s College, Durham since when, its geographical coverage expanded, first to Yorkshire & Humber in 2013, to the whole of the North of England in 2016 and to England and Wales in 2019.

In the run up to the launch of the survey, all community foundations and local infrastructure organisations across England and Wales have been contacted to seek their support to build the sample. We’re getting a very strong response, as always, and hope that this will raise the profile of the study and increase the chances of hitting our target of at least 500 in every English region and across Wales.

Research methodology and analytical techniques

Third Sector Trends is an online survey which draws in large numbers of respondents so that in-depth comparative and time-series analysis can be undertaken. But no survey can be big enough to generate accurate data on sector structure or finance.

Consequently, baseline data are constructed from sector registers including the Charity Commission, CIC register, CASC register and Register of Societies (including cooperatives, community benefit societies, credit unions, etc.). These data, which are mapped geographically, can then be used to ‘scale up’ survey findings. We can do this by types of area such as nations and regions, but also by the indices of multiple deprivation,  urban-rural distinctions or by the density of the local ethnic minority population.

The triennial survey involves intensive work over an extended fieldwork period to build a large sample. In 2025 the survey will begin in June and run to the middle of July. It is then paused for the summer and returns in September for four more weeks. The survey will be hosted by Online Surveys which allows people to take part on their PC, laptop, tablet or smartphone.

More information on the study’s history, aims, methodology and publications can be located here: Third Sector Trends in England and Wales – St Chad’s College Durham

 

 

 

Working across borders to achieve economic growth

Learning from collaboration research in the Scottish and English Borderlands is being applied to challenges of post-Brexit partnerships across the English Channel

Policy&Practice academics have been exploring borderland collaborations for the last two years. The work, led by Professor John Mawson of Policy&Practice and Dr David McGuinness (Northumbria University) is focusing on the development and implementation of the ten-year £500 million Borderlands Inclusive Growth Deal which straddles the English-Scottish Border.

Thanks to Wolf Blur for photograph, http://wolfblur.de/index.php/zu-meiner-person

Covering an area the size of Wales, this pioneering programme is the largest rural development initiative and partnership in the UK, bringing together local authorities on either side of the border with funding support from the Scottish and UK governments.

The partners have been keen to acknowledge the significant contribution of researchers in initiating the work of the Borderlands Partnership. As policies have been developed and are being put into practice, researchers continue to explore how best to overcome the inevitable managerial, organisational and leadership challenges that must be resolved to take the Growth Deal forward.

The value of this work has been recognised more widely as understanding of the complexities of cross-border collaboration deepens. Consequently, Professor Mawson was recently invited by Kent County Council to participate in a research and consultancy project on sustaining its partnership working arrangements across the English Channel with French, Belgian and Dutch local authorities.

Kent County Council has been undertaking economic social, cultural and environmental projects with its European partners for several decades funded largely by the European Union’s Interreg Programmes. However, the UK’s decision to exit the European Union in 2021, following the Brexit referendum, has resulted in a substantive loss of funding for such endeavours.

Recognising the value of this longstanding European collaboration activity and the associated build-up of shared knowledge, experience and trust – partners were keen to pursue alternative mechanisms and funding to sustain the work. To this end a voluntary Straits Committee Partnership was established in 2020 by local authority partners on either side of the Channel and North Sea. Its priorities are determined by an executive committee involving officer and member collaboration on agreed programmes and projects including a scheme for community and voluntary sectors.

While progress has certainly been made, unforeseen obstacles have interfered with the process such as the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak, the introduction of new customs regulations, transformations in the processes underpinning passenger and freight movements amongst other things.

The loss of European Union funding has slowed progress in the implementation of the Straits Committee’s cross-border strategy. However, a change of government in the UK has led to a more positive and stronger focus on removing barriers to economic growth which means that possibilities for new collaborative initiatives are emerging – not least because of Kent’s pivotal strategic location. Furthermore, as the UK government’s Devolution agenda matures, it is anticipated that this may further strengthen Kent’s strategic and economic development capacity and help facilitate new cross-channel developments.

In the Spring of 2024, the Kent and Medway Economic Partnership published a ten year economic framework and action plan which included measures to support its European agenda. Against this background the research and consultancy project undertaken by Professor Mawson and his Birmingham University colleagues is exploring the role and challenges of the Straits Committee in revitalising cross border collaboration.

To date, over 20 interviews have been conducted with European local authority politicians and senior officers together with civil servants in various government agencies to explore these matters further. The research and initial findings were presented by the team at the Regional Studies Association winter conference in November 2024. The paper entitled Cross-Border Collaboration in the Trans Manche: Brexit – and where next? generated considerable interest particularly in the light of current political developments.

Leadership, politics and governance in turbulent times

On 14th and 15th March 2024, Professor Joyce Liddle was one of the lead organisers of an international conference entitled “Leadership, Politics, & Governance in Turbulent Times: Global and Geopolitical Challenges in a Changing Europe” held in Prague, Czech Republic. This third in a series of events (earlier ones were held in Newcastle, UK and Angers, France, culminating in a final Birmingham conference in April 2025) attracted 60 academics, policy makers and senior public leaders from across Europe.

Between 2020 and 2024 a unique set of circumstances tested the capabilities of leaders across Europe. From Brexit and pandemic-related disruptions to geopolitical shifts, migration crises, energy crises, and high inflation rates, many challenges have required leaders to demonstrate resilience, adaptability, and strategic thinking. Navigating these factors requires leaders with understanding of the interdependencies between different challenges, and the ability to mobilise resources and foster collaboration among diverse stakeholders in various ‘places’. Embracing multifaceted challenges and opportunities can equip leaders with new knowledge to shape the future trajectory of their countries, as well as sustain lasting contributions to well-being and prosperity for all citizens.

A rapidly changing context of global turbulence and unprecedented crises have created complex and evolving policy challenges for leaders at multiple levels of governance across Europe, and beyond. Presentations from leading experts in the field facilitated a more comprehensive understanding of some key global. interdependent challenges and opportunities, as academics, policy makers and leaders exchanged knowledge on emerging research questions, and explored ideas for designing, developing and implementing novel policies and initiatives to mobilise sub-national resources and foster partnerships for change.

At the outset in 2022 this network had addressed issues of the changing world of sub-national and transnational cooperation and development, and some of the new and uncertain contexts and local circumstances in which leadership takes place. Later discussions highlighted the importance of networking and relationship building activities across coterminous and non-coterminous national borders. These were followed by examinations on how leadership within a two-tier Europe was playing out. Gaps were identified to illustrate why certain places were leading and others continuing to lag behind, with some excellent leadership case studies promoted across different ‘places’. From an English perspective, the research of Liddle and co-authors had identified several challenges facing sub-national leadership, including those arising from Brexit, cross-border cooperation, how to counter challenges to local democracy, and maintaining a sub-national voice across Europe. The Prague conference showcased concrete and innovative examples of good practice in local and regional leadership across Europe to demonstrate how leaders are shaping the resilience of their places in current turbulent times

Many of the contributors in this series of events are contributing to a special issue of the international journal Regional Studies which will be published in 2025/6 and edited by John Gibney, Joyce Liddle, John Shutt and Markku Sotarauta, entitled: Leadership in city and regional development: new perspectives from within and beyond borders.

Charity employers will face increased financial pressures in 2025

Charity employers, like private sector businesses, have been facing significantly rising operating costs over the last three years. The initial shock came with dramatic increases in energy prices at the outset of war in Ukraine. The cost of living crisis followed, which affected service demand for those charities working with people on lower incomes. The cost of living crisis also had a much wider impact on payroll as employees began to demand better recompense for their work in the charity sector which, it is generally agreed, has lower pay that the public and private sectors.  As shown in the Third Sector Trends Study reports of 2022, many employers were facing significant pressures to recruit and retain staff due to low pay – it looks likely that the situation will have deteriorated further by the time the study is repeated in 2025.

Two more challenges will soon hit charity employers. The first, which is welcome on many levels, is the rise in the UK Living Wage to £12.21 an hour in April 2025.  It is not known how many charity employees are working at this level of pay and that has become an urgent research priority for charity-sector watchers to find out how much this will increase overall pay roll costs. The second challenge arises from the 2024 Budget which has increased employers  National Insurance contributions significantly. National organisations representing the sector have lobbied the government, asking for the sector to be reimbursed for the extra costs but these have been rejected by the Chancellor.

In our region, Voluntary Organisations’ Network North East (VONNE) initiated work to assess the consequences of these changes for regional charity employers.  Martin Brookes, Chief Executive of VONNE approached Professor Tony Chapman of Policy&Practice to assist in calculating the likely cost to the sector.  The rise in employer National Insurance Contributions (allowing for factors such as the higher employer allowance)  is estimated to add £ 19.5 million to the costs of the workforce in North East England  2025/26.

It is possible to break down the figures further and produce estimates for each of the region’s Combined Authority areas.  In the much larger North East Combined Authority area, the cost is estimated at £ 15.6 million, while in Tees Valley Combined Authority it is £ 3.9 million.  In the NHS North East and North Cumbria Integrated Care Board (ICB), the increase will be almost £22 million.

As Martin Brookes’ VONNE report states:

“An already hard-pressed sector in the North East is going to face this £ 19.5 million increase in costs with no obvious ways to pay. This should be of concern to the whole sector as well as to those who rely on the sector, such as local authorities, the North East Combined Authority (NECA) and the Tees Valley Combined Authority (TVCA). It should also be of concern to the NHS Integrated Care Board (ICB) which relies on the sector to help tackle health inequalities.”

Full details can be found in the report together with an outline of the methodology used, drawing upon Third Sector Trends Study analysis from Policy&Practice and supported financially by the Community Foundation Tyne & Wear and Northumberland.

Click here to read the report: https://www.vonne.org.uk/impact-higher-employer-nics-north-east-charity-sector

If you want to know more about the Third Sector Trends Study, click here: https://www.stchads.ac.uk/research/third-sector-trends-in-england-and-wales/

 

Professor Joyce Liddle becomes a Professorial Fellow of St Chad’s College

Professor Joyce Liddle has a distinguished academic background having worked at national and international levels in the fields of urban and regional development, public policy, entrepreneurship, leadership and management. Much of her research and consultancy work has been undertaken in North East England addressing economic and social policy issues in collaboration with local and national politicians, and public, private, voluntary and community organisations.

In December 2024, Joyce was installed as a Professorial Fellow of St Chad’s College by the Board of Governors, cementing her position as a full member of the College as well as being a member of Policy&Practice.

Professor Liddle, speaking in Prague, Spring 2024

Joyce was educated at Durham University in politics and sociology, studied for a PhD at the Local Government Centre, Warwick University and went on to hold the position of Course Director in post graduate Management Studies at Durham Business School. Subsequently, Joyce held Professorial, management and research posts in seven UK Universities including Sunderland, Durham, Newcastle, Northumbria, Teesside, Nottingham, Nottingham Trent University and in Aix-Marseille, France.

Her international reputation is reflected in advisory roles for ministers and civil servants in Italy, Finland, the West Indies and China as well as holding Visiting University Chairs in six countries. She also developed education and training programmes for public and civil servants in South Africa, Bahrain, France, Kazakhstan, Brazil and Ethiopia.

Drawing on a successful track record in securing UK Research Council and other research funding she has published over 250 articles, 45 book chapters and written and co-edited some sixteen books as well as fulfilling a number of editorial roles for journals and book series.

Joyce was a founding member and co-leader of an influential Regional Studies Association ‘Trans-border Place Leadership in Europe’ network. She is a Fellow of AcSS for services to the Academy and Society, Fellow of UK JUC/PAC for services to public policy and administration, and a Fellow of Regional Studies Association, for services to UK and international Regional policy and development, She is also a UKRI panel member, Future Leaders’ Fellowship Panel and a member of POGO, Blavatnik Business School, University of Oxford.

During her time at Northumbria (to continue as a Visiting Professor, Newcastle) she acted as Academic Director and Board Member of Insights North East, and led on Inclusive Growth. This regional partnership seeks to bridge the gap between research and place-based leadership policy involving Newcastle, Northumbria Sunderland and Durham Universities, NHS, North East Mayoral Combined Authority (NEMCA), local Councils and other regional agencies. In January 2024 she was an invited member of an Expert Advisory Panel to help to develop NEMCA Investment Planning Framework.

More widely, Joyce’s research nationally and in the North East has included a report for the NE Future Finance Commission (NELEP) on funding for regional development in the NE, a UKRI funded (4 nation state) project on Local Government Procurement under Covid 19, Levelling Up Reports widely discussed in national and international press, Devolution and regional performance in the NE, Place Leadership and Governance issues after Brexit. She was recently invited as a UK discussant at OECD Paris (May 2024), on a panel on Transforming Places: Leading Change. The report is available at OECD, Paris, publications.

Joyce is currently taking forward her work surrounding Devolution in the North East and related public policy and management issues in collaboration with members of the Policy and Practice research group.

The impact of voluntary organisations in Wales

Policy&Practice has been commissioned by Wales Council for Voluntary Action (WCVA) to produce two new reports on the structure, energy, dynamics and impact of voluntary organisations in Wales using Third Sector Trends data together with new evidence from Third Sector Trends’ register of registers data which was updated in October 2024.

The first will consolidate findings from register data and survey work done in 2022. The report will use comparative evidence from within Wales, aligned with Wales government data on demographic, social and economic factors. The report will also compare the situation in Wales with English regions and in places with similar spatial characteristics across England to assess variations in practice, purpose and impact. This report will be published in February 2025.

WCVA are also backing the continuation of the next round of the survey in the summer and early autumn of 2025 to assess changes in sector activity in the last three years. This work will involve a partnership approach to working between WCVA and Policy&Practice to maximise response rates from voluntary organisations across all areas of Wales.

In February 2026, the second report will update analysis and make an overall assessment of the strengths and dynamics of the sector in the run up to Senedd elections in the late spr

Criminal justice in North East England and Yorkshire and Humber

Policy&Practice has been commissioned to work with Clinks to develop a database on voluntary, community and social enterprise (VCSE) organisations which contribute to tackling aspects of criminal justice.

Centred on North East England and Yorkshire and Humber this study, Clinks, supported by His Majesty’s Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS), is working with Professor Tony Chapman to engage in extensive searching of register data and evidence from 360Giving to build a picture of sector activity and how it contributes to a range of criminal justice agendas. Once a list of relevant VCSE organisations has been compiled, data will be mapped against several geographical criteria including local authority and combined authority areas, by the indices of multiple deprivation and areas with specific spatial characteristic (such as urban, rural and coastal areas).

Identifying organisations engaged in aspects of criminal justice is not straight forward as many organisations work across thematic areas for a range of constituencies of public agencies, charitable foundations and beneficiaries. That is the point of the work – to look at those organisations which directly or more tangentially associate with criminal justice themes through, for example, the arts, youth organisations, sport – not just those which work specifically on issues centred on prisons and probation.

Clinks is the leading authority on the voluntary sector working in the criminal justice system across England and Wales and for over 10 years has established itself as a strong presence in the North East region. During this time Clinks has developed relationships with voluntary sector organisations, criminal justice system stakeholders and statutory sector agencies across the area including Yorkshire and Humber.

As the purpose of the project is to increase awareness and knowledge of voluntary sector organisations, Clinks will hold focus groups across the region to identify gaps in provision and debate how to limit duplication of service when developing strong relationships between the VCSE and HMPPS to improving cross-sector collaboration and to refine and focus co-commissioning approaches.  

The project will culminate in a report by Clinks to the Prisons and Probation Service in spring 2025.

Third Sector Trends in England and Wales 2025

The long running triennial Third Sector Trends survey will return in 2025 for the sixth time. While still in the early stages of developing project themes for its next round, it can now be confirmed that the project will go ahead thanks to funding provided by  our long-standing and principal partner Community Foundation Tyne & Wear and Northumberland.

This is the largest and longest running study of the voluntary sector in England and Wales, culminating in six core reports on sector structure, dynamics, purpose, influencing, energy and impact in 2022-23.  Data were then explored further to look specifically at the contribution of the voluntary sector to public health in three separately funded but integrated reports in Yorkshire and Humber, Cumbria and Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire West.

While negotiations continue with other potential contributors to the project, confirmation of renewed support for the study has also been secured from Millfield House Foundation for a second time to look at campaigning and influencing in the voluntary sector. To secure a strong response in Wales, support has also been provided by Wales Council for Voluntary Action and will allow for more in-depth analysis that was possible in the 2022 study.

Announcements on the participation of other partners in the project will be made in the early new year.  If you would like to see more detail on the study, its methodology and its publication of findings, please click here: Third Sector Trends in England and Wales.